![]() After each adsorption process, MR-LDH is easily separated by an external magnet. The proposed adsorbent maintains stable adsorption performance for four consecutive cycles. Moreover, the pseudo-second-order kinetic model best described the adsorption process for MB (R 2 = 0.9970) and RO16 (R 2 = 0.9941). The Langmuir model, which assumes monolayer adsorption on the adsorbent surface, provides the best explanation for the adsorption of both dyes (R 2 = 0.9991 for MB and R 2 = 0.9969 for RO16). The calculated maximum adsorption capacities for MB and RO16 were 54.01 and 53.04 mg/g at 313 K, respectively. In contrast, the acidic medium (pH = 3) was favored for RO16 adsorption because of hydrogen bonding between the protonated form of azo dye and protonated hydroxyl groups at the surface of MR-LDH. Accordingly, the elimination of MB on MR-LDH is improved in the basic medium due to the electrostatic interactions between the negative charge of MR-LDH and the positive charge of MB dye. The main parameters, including pH, adsorbent dosage, contact time, and initial analyte concentration, were optimized to achieve the best adsorption efficiency. ![]() In the present research, magnetic rhamnolipid-Co/Al layered double hydroxide (MR-LDH) was synthesized to uptake methylene blue (MB) and reactive orange 16 (RO16) from aqueous solution.
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